{视频+双语字幕}Google屏幕背后的故事1

[So here I am
doing everything I can
holding on to what I am
pretending I'm a superman
I'm trying to keep
the ground on my feet
it seems the world's
falling down around me
the nights are all long
I'm singing this song
to try and make the answers more than maybe

and I'm so confused about what to do
sometimes I want to throw it all away

so here I am
growing older all the time
looking older all the time
feeling younger in my mind

and here I am, doing everything I can
holding on to what I am
pretending I'm a superman]

[Marissa Mayer] Google is a search engine, allows us to search the web, and it’s also a company that really focuses on innovative technologies and organizing the world’s information.

[I'm trying to sleep
I lost count of the sheep
my mind is racing faster every minute
what could I do more
yeah I'm really not sure]

[Marissa Mayer] When we say all the world’s information, we really do mean all, we’ve focus primarily today on web pages, but now our efforts are expanding into things like books, printed materials will be appearing in library, into videos, into a lot of different modes of medium that we think. Well we think we can help people organize information.

[Narrator] The Internet and World Wide Web have become part of our public and private lives. They now have over a billion users. Millions of pages of information from all over the world are available in our homes at a click of the mouse. How did it happen?

Vint Cerf is one of the Internet’s founders. In 2005, he started to work at Google.
[Interviewer] You’ve been named “the father of the Internet”?
[Vint Cerf] Yes, I’ve been named “the father of the Internet”, but it’s not accurate.
Bob Kahn and I did the design work in 1973, he really initiated the program at the Defense's Advanced Research Projects Agency, so it’s fair to say that two of us had primary involvement in the creation of the Internet’s design. But after our first paper was published in 1974, there were just thousands of people involved in making this actually happen.

[Interviewer] Could you have a foresee at that time that the Internet will take such a fly?

[Vint Cerf]The technologies that we are very commonly familiar with today were visible to us in the course of this work, but could we have foreseen the side effect of a billion people, having access to this facility, pouring information into this, no, we couldn’t see that. People began to learn very quickly how to compose information that could be put into the World Wide Web. And now the question is how do I find it? Companies like Google and others that have found ways to index the entire Internet contribute to the utility of all that information going into this system.

[Narrator] In the mid 1990’s, many search engines were launched to help users find information on the Internet. About this time, two young men enrolled at the Stanford University, Larry Page and Sergey Brin. While the internet bubble burst around them and one company after another folded, they were developing the ultimate search engine. In 1999, with a starting capital of 100,000 dollars, they founded Google. When the company went public in 2004, they became overnight-billionaires. And Google, with over 6,700 employees, became the world’s fastest growing internet company.

[Marissa Mayer] Larry and Sergey, they didn’t actually want to ??? the company, they wanted to sell the search engine technology to existing company, and they went out to everyone, and everyone said, “Well, our search is at least 80% as good as next person’s, isn’t that good enough, hmm?“And Larry and Sergey said:” You know, no, ???? last 20% really does matter. And the fact that our search is noticeably better than everyone else’s will make a big difference.”

[Narrator] Two students who wanted to make the best search engine, that’s how Google started. But how does such a search engine work?

[Interviewer] What is behind that screen?

[Larry Page] Right, a ???? determine what we show and when we show it.
So, for example, if you were to do a ?? on the keyword “flowers”. You would see that the page pose up, I want to say that’s important about this pose up very quickly, so that’s always been a core thing of Google, we want to provide the best user experience, and if you have to wait for your search results a couple of seconds, that’s not a good experience. So page loads very quickly, and as you can see, we have sort of two areas on the page we have, and the organic search results which will show left, left hand side. And you have all of your advertising which you will see as, sometimes on the top results on the page, these are clearly marked in a different color, and we also have them on the right side of the page.

[Interviewer] Fully organic results?
[Larry Page] Hmm...
[Interviewer] The guy who ends up first is the happiest of all, I think.
[Larry Page] Obviously.
[Interviewer] So how does page rank work? How does it get that?
[Larry Page] We make page rank works as it looks at incoming links into websites. So essentially the idea is that if somebody has a website, say, buy flowers, and the website has become authority on the subject, and it’s likely that other people will have links pointing to that website because they feel there’s a lot of value on that website and something interesting there, so they make links to it. And by looking at all of these links coming in, we can then determine how valuable that page is. Now what we also do is we look at where do these links come from. For example, if somebody had a link from the newyorktimes.com to a website, then we understand that New York Times is more respectable than maybe my personal website, so that has bigger boost in the database your page will rank in the organic results.

[Narrator] The question is: “how is the choice made to rank the New York Times higher than a personal website, for instance.”

[Vint Cerf] There are mechanisms that we and others use to try to assess which information is thought to be the most relevant. After all the parties doing the search once information which is most relevant to the specific terms that have been used in the search query. Relevance in our world in part is conferred by knowing how many websites are pointing to a particular place, the more that point to a place with a hyperlink, the more likely it is that must be important information. So then you start ranking the importance of the places ??? by trying to see how many places point to them. It’s more complicated than that, but we ?? too much deep into this, it’s getting into the trade secrets of Google, which I don’t want to do. So we are confronted with this huge mass of information, we try to figure out what’s relevance based on ???. But in the end, each of us has to decide for ourselves what our reaction is to this information.

[Narrator] In 2005, Google had a gross turnover of 6.1 billion US dollars, and net profit of 1.5 billion.

[玛瑞莎·梅亚]Google是一个搜索引擎，我们用它来搜索网络；Google也是一家公司，它专注于技术创新和全球信息的整合。
没错，我们是指全球的所有信息。我们主要专注于网页的搜索，但我们同时在书籍等出现在图书馆的资源，视频和其它许多媒介上面下工夫。我们认为我们可以帮助人们整合信息。

[旁白] 因特网和全球信息网已经成为我们公共生活和私人生活的一部分。现在，有超过10亿人在使用网络。无数来自全球各地的信息只要在家轻点鼠标就可以得到。这是如何发生的？
温顿·瑟夫是因特网的创始人之一。2005年，他开始为Google工作。

[访问者] 你被称为“因特网之父”？
[温顿·瑟夫] 是的，我被称为“因特网之父”，但这并不准确。鲍伯·卡恩和我在1973年设计了因特网，其实他在美国国防部高级研究计划局的时候就开始这项研究。所以说我们俩是因特网创立早期的参与者，这并不过分。但在1974年我们的第一篇论文发表之后，许多人都参与了进来，才有今天的成就。

[访问者] 你们在当时有没有预见到因特网会有今天这样巨大的发展？
[温顿·瑟夫] 今天我们非常熟悉的技术从当时的工作进展中可以窥见端倪，但数以亿计的人加入到网络中，并给因特网注入如此海量的信息，这是我们当时无法预见的。人们很快学会如何将信息加入到因特网中，现在的问题是我们如何才能找到所需的信息？像Google这样可以为整个因特网编制索引的公司为提高进入网络信息的利用率做出了贡献。

[旁白] 在20世纪90年代中期，为了帮助用户找到所需的信息，许多公司推出了搜索引擎产品。大约在那个时候，名叫拉里·佩奇和赛吉·布林的两个年轻人刚进入斯坦福大学。当网络泡沫破裂，许多公司倒闭的时候，他们在研究最好的搜索引擎。1999年，他们用100，000美元作为启动资金成立了Google公司。当2004年公司上市的时候，他们转眼间成了亿万富翁。而有着6700名员工的Google，成为了全球成长最快的网络公司。

[玛瑞莎·梅亚] 拉里和赛吉他们开始并没有打算成立公司，他们只是想把搜索技术卖给现有的公司。当他们找别人谈及他们的想法时，每个人都说：“我们的搜索至少有后来者的80%那么好，这还不够吗？”拉里和赛吉说：“你知道，当然不够好，这最后的20％非常重要。而且我们的搜索引擎很明显要比别人的强大，这一点会是巨大的优势。”

[旁白] 两个学生想做最好的搜索引擎，这就是Google成立的原因。不过，这样一个搜索引擎是如何工作的？

[访问者] 在搜索引擎的页面背后，它是如何工作的？
[拉里·佩奇] 是的，一种???决定了搜索引擎显示什么结果以及什么时候显示。比如说，如果你想搜索一个关键词“花”。你看到搜索页面显示出来了，我想说页面的快速载入非常重要，这一直Google的一项核心优势，我们希望为用户有愉快的搜索体验，如果你要为你的搜索结果等上数秒，这不会是一项愉快的体验。所以页面载入非常快。正如你看到的，我们在搜索结果页面上大致有两个区域，在左边，是自然搜索结果，同时你能看到所有的广告。有时候，在页面的顶部，广告会用不同的颜色清楚地标示出来，在页面的右边又可以看到广告。

[访问者] 完全自然（无人工干涉）的搜索结果？
[拉里·佩奇] 对。
[访问者] 那排在搜索结果第一位的一定最高兴了。
[拉里·佩奇] 很明显，是这样的。
[访问者] 那“网页排名”技术是如何实现的？它如何得出这样一个搜索结果？
[拉里·佩奇] 我们的网页排名技术会观察网站的导入链接。所以本质上，“页面排名”技术就是这样：比如说，一个人有一个卖花的网站，如果这个网站在这个领域是权威，那么就很可能会有许多人将链接指向这个网站，因为他们觉得这个网站很有价值，或者这个网站上有他们感兴趣的东西，所以他们才会把链接指向这个网站。因此，通过观察导入链接的数量，我们就可以知道这个网页有多重要。而且我们同时会关注这些链接来自哪里。比如，一个网站有一个来自newyorktimes.com的链接，而我们知道，《纽约时报》网站比我的个人网站要更权威一些，所以这会对你的网页在数据库中的排名更加靠前。

[旁白] 问题是：“我们怎么知道《纽约时报》网站比个人网站要更权威一些呢？”
[温顿·瑟夫] 我们和其它一些搜索引擎通过一些方法来评估哪些信息被认为是与关键词最相关的。许多人在使用搜索引擎的时候选择了与他们在搜索栏中的关键词最相关的词。在我们的理解中，重要性的大小在一定程度上是与链接到这个地方的超级链接多少相关的。指向这个地方的超级链接越多，这个信息就越有可能是重要的。所以当你为许多网页排序的时候，需要观察这些网页的导入链接。引擎的实际工作原理比这个复杂一些，但我们不再深入，因为我不想涉及到商业秘密。面对海量的信息，试图找出对用户重要的信息。但最后仍然要用户自己决定哪些信息才是他想要的。

[旁白] 2005年，Google总营业额达到61亿美元，净利润达15亿美元。