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建议 US and EU powers to recognise Kosovan statehood
Britain, France, Germany and the US today said they would recognise Kosovo after its declaration of independence, but Spain broke ranks by saying it would withhold its endorsement.
The announcements by the French foreign minister, Bernard Kouchner, and the British foreign secretary, David Miliband, at an EU foreign ministerial meeting in Brussels, came as a relief for Pristina after Spain punctured Kosovo's euphoria.
The US president, George Bush, hailed Kosovo's historic bid for statehood and the US government extended formal recognition to it as "a sovereign and independent state".
"The establishment of these relations will reaffirm the special ties of friendship that have linked together the people of the United States and Kosovo," the secretary of state, Condoleezza Rice, said in a statement.
Serbia has tonight reacted to the news by recalling its US ambassador.
However, Spain which is grappling with its Basque problem, fears Kosovo's unilateral declaration of independence from Serbia sets a bad precedent for other countries facing separatist movements.
"The government of Spain will not recognise the unilateral act proclaimed yesterday by the assembly of Kosovo," the foreign minister, Miguel Angel Moratinos, told reporters.
"We will not recognise because we consider ... this does not respect international law."
Cyprus, Greece, Slovakia, Bulgaria and Romania have indicated they too are not keen to recognise Kosovo.
Bush is due to make an official statement about Kosovo tomorrow, in line with the original script which calls for the EU to go first in announcing its policy on what the west insists is a "European issue".
Kosovan leaders today sent 192 letters to governments around the world seeking formal recognition of independence.
The Slovenian foreign minister, Dimitri Rupel, whose country holds the rotating EU presidency, said a considerable number of EU countries would support Kosovo's declaration.
The German foreign minister, Frank-Walter Steinmeier, said recognising Kosovan autonomy was inevitable.
"A negotiated solution was not possible. That is why we cannot now escape this event," he said.
In a statement issued in Brussels, the EU foreign ministers said Kosovo's history of "conflict, ethnic cleansing and humanitarian catastrophe" in the 1990s by Serbia exempts it from a rule saying international borders can only be changed with the agreement of all parties.
The statement made it possible for most EU countries to recognise Kosovo's independence as an exception to the rule of "territorial integrity" of nations under international law.
The Irish foreign minister, Dermot Ahern, said he would be recommending that his government should recognise Kosovo.
"Since the ethnic cleaning that was meted out on it by Serbia under Milosevic and his thugs, the reality is that this day was going to come sooner rather than later," he told the Irish state radio station RTE.
Nato reaffirmed its peacekeeping commitments to Kosovo, saying its 16,000-strong force there, known as Kfor, would carry on working to improve the rule of law and protecting Kosovo's Serb minority.
"Nato's responsibility and capability to ensure a safe and secure environment in Kosovo remain unchanged," the 26-nation alliance said in a statement. "Kfor will continue to execute this mandate in an impartial manner."
Kosovo had remained part of Serbia even though it had been administered by the UN and Nato since 1999, when Nato airstrikes ended the crackdown on separatists by the former Yugoslav leader Slobodan Milosevic.
Ninety per cent of Kosovo's two million people are ethnic Albanian and they see no reason to remain part of a country that treated them harshly for a decade, culminating in a campaign of ethnic cleansing.
Serbian leaders said they would never recognise an independent Kosovo, while Russia, an ally of Serbia, last night called for an emergency UN security council meeting, demanding annulment.
Vojislav Kostunica, the Serbian prime minister, said on national television: "Kosovo is Serbia and that is how it always will be. The so-called Kosovo state will never be a member of the United Nations. Serbia will use all diplomatic means at its disposal to block Kosovo's recognition."
美国和欧盟巨头将承认科索沃的国家身份
英国、法国、德国和美国于今天发表声明，承认科索沃宣布独立后的国家身份。但是，西班牙却与他们分道扬镳，将不予以承认科索沃的地位。
这份声明由法国外交部长贝纳德•库施纳以及英国外长大卫•米利班德在布鲁塞尔召开的欧盟外长级例会上宣布；这对遭受西班牙打击的科索沃普里斯提政府，无疑是一剂强心针。
美国总统乔治•布什对科索沃争取国家身份的历史性举动表示欢迎，美国政府对其作为一个“有主权的独立国家”予以了正式的承认。
“这些关系的建立将再次稳固美国民众和科索沃国民间特殊的友谊。” 美国国务卿康多莉扎•赖斯在一份声明中这样表示。
然而，令正试图解决巴斯克问题〔注1〕的西班牙担心的是，科索沃单方面宣布从塞尔维亚独立出来，将给其他面临分裂活动的国家树立一个不好的先例。
西班牙外交部长米盖尔•安格罗告诉记者说：" 西班牙政府将不会认可由科索沃国民大会于昨天宣布的单方面独立行动。”
“我们将不会承认科索沃的独立地位，因为这并没有遵照国际法的规定。”
塞浦路斯、希腊、斯洛伐克、保加利亚和罗马尼亚均已表示他们将不承认科索沃的独立。
按计划，布什将于明天就科索沃问题发表官方声明，这和早先的说法保持一致－－美国希望基于西方国家一向坚持的科索沃问题是“欧洲问题”这一原则，由欧盟首先表态。
科索沃领导人今天向全世界的政府呈递了192封信件，试图寻求对其独立地位的正式认可。
欧盟轮值主席国斯洛文尼亚外交部长迪米特里•鲁佩尔认为，欧盟的多数成员国将承认科索沃独立。
德国外交部长，弗兰克－沃尔特•斯坦梅尔表示，承认科索沃的自治是大势所趋。
他说：“要促成一项协商方案是不可能的，所以如今我们没法逃避这件事。”
在布鲁塞尔发布的这份声明中，欧盟外长们认为科索沃上世纪九十年代在塞尔维亚统治下经历的种族冲突、种族清洗和屠杀，使得它能够免于“国家边界只有在相关各方都一致同意后才能更改”这项国际原则的约束。
这份声明也使得大多数欧盟国家能够把科索沃的独立视为国际法规定的国家“领土完整”条例之外的特殊案例。
爱尔兰外交部长德莫特•埃亨表示，他将建议本国政府承认科索沃的国家地位。
他告诉爱尔兰国家广播电台RTE说：“自从被米洛舍维奇及其同谋统治的塞尔维亚对科索沃实施种族大清洗以来，科索沃独立的日子只会来得更早，而非延迟。”
北约重申了对于科索沃的维和承诺，表示有一万六千人的驻科索沃部队（被称为Kfor）将继续驻留在那里以改善法制情况，并保护科索沃的塞尔维亚少数民族。
“北约确保科索沃和平环境的责任和能力将不会改变，” 这个26国联盟在一份声明中说，“驻科索沃部队将继续以公正的态度执行这项命令。”
虽然1999年后，由于北约的空袭结束了南斯拉夫领导人斯洛博丹•米洛舍维奇对分离主义者的镇压，科索沃已经交由联合国和北约管辖，但它仍属于塞尔维亚的一部分。
科索沃两百万人口中的百分之九十都是阿尔巴尼亚人，他们坚决不同意继续留在这个曾经在过去十几年里残酷对待他们,甚至于对他们实施种族清洗的国家里。
塞尔维亚领导人声明，他们决不会承认一个独立的科索沃，而做为塞尔维亚盟友的俄罗斯昨晚则要求召开联合国安理会紧急会议，声明科索沃独立无效。
塞尔维亚总理伊斯拉夫•科什图尼察在国家电视台上表示：“科索沃就是塞尔维亚，它如今是且将来也是。所谓的科索沃政府将永远不会成为联合国的一员。塞尔维亚将动用所有的外交手段阻止对科索沃国家身份的认可。”
注1:巴斯克问题：“埃塔（ETA）”是巴斯克语“巴斯克祖国与自由” (Basque Homeland and Freedom ——ETA) 的缩写，成立于1959年，原为佛朗哥独裁统治时代西班牙北部巴斯克地区由一些年轻人组成的地下反抗组织，其目标是谋求通过暗杀、绑架和爆 炸等恐怖手段，将西班牙北部的巴斯克地区从西班牙分离出去，建立一个包括法国南部巴斯克语地区在内的独立国家。这一主张遭到西班牙和法国的反对。
