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建议 Treating and Preventing Cancer with Vaccines
Introduction
For many years, the treatment of cancer was focused primarily on surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation. However, as researchers learn more about how the body fights cancer on its own, therapies are being developed that harness the potential of the body's defense system in this fight, including efforts to prevent some forms of cancer.
The body's defense system - called the immune system - consists of a network of specialized cells and tissues that fight infection and disease. Therapies that use the immune system to fight or prevent cancer are called biological therapies.
Cancer vaccines represent an emerging type of biological therapy that is still mostly experimental. Many clinical trials are underway to test vaccines as potential treatments for a wide variety of cancer types. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any cancer vaccine as a standard treatment for any type of cancer. This means that cancer-fighting vaccines are only available to those who enroll in clinical trials.
The FDA has, however, approved two vaccines that can help prevent cancer. One of these vaccines prevents infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV), which causes almost all cervical cancers (for more information, see Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccines for Cervical Cancer). The other vaccine prevents infection with the hepatitis B virus, which can cause liver cancer. Other vaccines that may prevent or reduce the risk of cancer are also being tested in ongoing clinical trials.
Back to Top疫苗预防和治疗癌症的应用
引言
多年来，癌症的治疗方法主要采用外科手术，化疗和放疗。然而，当研究者越来越清楚机体如何自我抵抗癌症，利用机体防御系统抵抗癌症的潜能和预防多种癌症功效的疗法随之被开发。
机体防御系统-又称免疫系统-是由防病抗感染的特殊细胞和组织构成的网络。利用免疫系统预防和治疗癌症的疗法被称为生物疗法。
癌症疫苗是正在进行试验的新型生物疗法之一。大量进行临床试验的疫苗作为各种癌症的潜在的广谱疗法。但现今没有任何一种癌症疫苗被美国FDA批准作为某一癌症的标准疗法。这就意味着癌症治疗疫苗只能被用于参加临床试验的患者。
不管怎样，FDA还是批准了两个可以辅助预防癌症的疫苗。其一是预防导致大多数宫颈癌的人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染的疫苗（更多关于宫颈癌HPV疫苗）。另一为预防导致肝癌的乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）感染的疫苗。其他可以预防和降低患癌风险的疫苗在临床试验中进行测试。
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