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建议 China Forms Company to Make Regional, Jumbo Jets
China has established a company to build regional commercial jets, with an eye to eventually reducing the country\\\'s reliance on Boeing <BA.N> and Airbus <EAD.DE> for jumbo jets, official media said on Sunday.
Commercial Aircraft Corp of China is capitalized at 19 billion yuan ($2.72 billion), with 6 billion yuan coming from the state-owned Assets Supervision and Administration Commission, giving it the single largest stake at 30 percent, Xinhua said.
A consortium made up of the municipal government of Shanghai -- where the ARJ21 regional jet is being developed -- and China\\\'s two state aircraft makers, AVIC I and AVIC II, will have a 25 percent share for 5 billion yuan, it said.
The 90-seat ARJ21-700 was unveiled late last year, China\\\'s first domestically developed regional jet which will be test flown later this year and is scheduled to begin deliveries sometime late next year.
But many analysts have expressed skepticism about the commercial prospects of a large jet designed and manufactured entirely in China, given the country\\\'s limited experience in big aircraft.
\"They might be able to establish a presence in the business over the next 10 to 20 years,\" said Richard Aboulafia, an aviation analyst with Teal Group, while adding a key caveat.
\"If they nurture it with government seed cash, and gradually offer shares to the private sector,\" he added.
The new company\\\'s general manager, Jin Zhuanglong, gave no timetable for making larger aircraft, and said investment and cooperation were not limited to domestic companies.
China will make full use of worldwide resources to develop the aircraft, and welcomes cooperation from foreign companies, Jin told Xinhua.
AVIC I, parent of Xi\\\'an Aircraft International Corp <000768.SZ>, developed the ARJ21. AVIC II\\\'s Hafei Aviation Industry Co <600038.SS> makes the ERJ-145 regional jet in partnership with Brazil\\\'s Embraer <ERJ.N><EMBR3.SA>.
General Electric\\\'s <GE.N> aircraft leasing arm said in March that it had signed a preliminary agreement to buy five ARJ21, the first order from a major foreign customer. There are total orders for about 181 ARJ21s, almost all from domestic carriers.
General Electric and Parker Hannifin <PH.N> supply parts for the ARJ21.
The project is not the first attempt by China to build a commercial passenger jet -- others include separate deals with McDonnell Douglas and Airbus -- but all have failed.
The technology used in the ARJ21 could also be a step behind modern jetliners that use light-weight composite materials and state-of-the-art technology to reduce fuel consumption.
\"Initial specifications of the ARJ21 indicate that it\\\'s a bit heavier than today\\\'s\" regional jets, said Aboulafia.
But China\\\'s long-term goal is to make large passenger jets with more than 150 seats, or freighters capable of handling more than 100 tonnes of cargo, to give it a presence in the global commercial jet market.
Major state-owned Chinese firms, including the parent groups of Aluminum Corp of China Ltd (Chalco) <601600.SS>, Baoshan Iron & Steel <600019.SS> and state oil trader Sinochem International <600500.SS> will each invest 1 billion yuan in the company.
AVIC I and AVIC II both supply components to Airbus and Boeing, for the double-decker A380 jumbo jet and the 787 Dreamliner.
Chinese airlines, which Airbus projected need about 2,650 new passenger jets in the next 20 years, have been placing big orders with Boeing and its European rival in recent years to help keep pace with rapid economic growth.
Teal\\\'s Aboulafia said Beijing can favor domestic airline companies and allow them to buy the best planes available, or the new company, by creating a captive domestic market.
\"If they favor the jetliner industry, the airlines will be much less competitive on international routes,\" he said.
中国的大飞机之梦
周日，中国官方媒体宣称中国商用飞机有限责任公司已经成立，这意味这中国的大飞机计划正按部就班的进行，而这一计划的最终目标是赢回波音和空中客车公司在中国国内的市场份额。
援引新华社所提供的数字，中国商用飞机有限责任公司注册资金为190亿元人民币，其中有60亿元由国资委投资，国资委也凭30％的股份而成为第一大股东。另外，上海市政府、中国航空工业第一集团公司和中国航空工业第二集团公司将注资50亿元人民币。
去年年底，中国首架具有自主知识产权的喷气式支线客机ARJ21-700飞机在上海下线，计划今年试飞，并在明年交付使用。尽管中国的大飞机计划目前看起来一切顺利，但还是有不少分析家对此并不看好，在他们看来，中国设计并制造大飞机的经验实在是太缺乏了。
中国商用飞机有限责任公司总经理金壮龙并给出大飞机的具体时间表，他同时表示国家没有对公司的投资资金来源作出限定。金壮龙告诉新华社记者，中国的大飞机项目欢迎包括外国企业在内的所有投资者。
中国航空工业第一集团公司是西安飞机工业公司的母公司，它研制了ARJ21支线客机。而中国航空工业第二集团公司下属的哈尔滨航空工业公司则与巴西航空工业公司合作研制了ERJ-145支线客机。通用电气曾在三月份表示，他们准备购买五架ARJ21客机，这是这种客机的首份来自国外主要客户的合同。ARJ21虽然已经接到了181架飞机的订单，但绝大部分都是国内的客户。
虽然以前中国制造大飞机的尝试毫无例外都失败了，但不管怎么样，ARJ21的研制成功还是为大飞机项目开了一个好头，至少ARJ21飞机上使用的轻型复合材料以及减少油耗等先进技术也能被后面大飞机的研制所采用。
ARJ21飞机只是第一步，中国的长远目标是研制出超过150坐席，或者载重超过100顿的大飞机，使其在全球航空市场能占有一席之地。
从中国商用飞机有限责任公司的资金来源就能看出中国的决心，一些主要的国有公司，如中国铝业、宝山钢铁公司、中国石油公司等都参与了大飞机项目，各自注资10亿元人民币。
据计算，为了满足国内经济高速增长的需求，在以后的20年内，中国需要新购买2650架客机，而这个巨大的市场目前基本上被波音和空中客车公司所瓜分。
