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建议 A farm boy on the world stage
A “prophet” who finds honour, and some suspicion, in his own country
PIOUS people in eastern Turkey, where Fethullah Gulen was born, are eager to praise him. Before hearing the preacher's words 12 years ago, “I led a life full of women and alcohol,” admits Unal Sahin, a jeweller in Erzurum. Under Mr Gulen's guidance, he became devout and generous, helping a university in Georgia, and schools in India and Azerbaijan. “The more I gave, the more business grew,” he says. His wife, meanwhile, donned a scarf.
Gulen-affiliated groups in Istanbul can seem quite liberal—with bare-headed and headscarved women mingling happily. But the social pressure for pious ladies to cover their heads, and generally behave in a conservative way, is overwhelming in places like Erzurum.
When Gulen-minded couples exchange visits, “the men sit in one room and we sit in another, we're more comfortable that way,” explains one member of a scarf-wearing Gulenist sisterhood that does door-to-door preaching. “Our husbands don't mind that we aren't home during the day...they know it's because we are doing good for the cause,” she insists.
A place where piety's rewards have yet to appear is Mr Gulen's home village of Korucuk, east of Erzurum. Apart from a new mosque, its buildings are made of mud, stone and thatch. But its 600 souls are proud of the hamlet's famous son. “God be praised, our village is all Muslim, and we don't have the evil internet,” says Necdet Gulen, Fethullah's cousin.
Yet for all the admiration he attracts, many details of the preacher's life remain elusive. Before moving to the United States a decade ago, he had to play a cat-and-mouse game with the authorities. Shortly after his emigration, he was tried in his absence for “undermining secularism”. This followed the leaking of a tape in which he appeared to urge his followers to take over the state by stealth. (He said the tape was doctored.) The trial dragged on for many years; he was cleared in 2006, but an appeal court then reopened the case.
A key asset of the Gulenist network in Turkey, which includes a university, a newspaper and a raft of small and large businesses, is a chain of dormitories for students. There is a familiar pattern in which youngsters turn to the movement for accommodation and then agree to follow a regime of fasting and prayer.
Many of Turkey's police are believed to be Gulen sympathisers—an interior minister once gave a figure of 70%—but the army remains highly suspicious. The movement is “apolitical” but has links with almost all Turkish political parties, save the main secular opposition. The Gulenists have lots in common with the ruling Justice and Development (AK) party, and they co-operate, but their interests are not identical. Rumour has it that Recep Tayyip Erdogan, the mildly Islamist prime minister, is holding back from replacing the Istanbul police chief for the simple reason that the Gulen movement wants the change—and he doesn't want to seem beholden.
法士拉•葛兰，从乡村走向世界
一位“先知”在他的祖国，收获了尊敬，也“收获”了猜疑。
法士拉·葛兰出生在土耳其东部，当地民众视他为神般虔诚信仰，由衷赞美。埃尔祖鲁姆的珠宝商Unal Sahin承认，“我过去的生活一无是处，除了女人就是酒。”他说的是12年前，当时他还没有听过葛兰的布道。在葛兰的指引下，他变得虔敬，乐善好施，他支助了格鲁吉亚的一所大学以及印度和阿塞拜疆的一些学校。“我相信捐赠的越多，生意做得越大”。与此同时，他的妻子也裹上了头巾，成为虔诚的教徒。
在伊斯坦布尔，葛兰附属组织似乎非常开明—妇女们不论是否戴头巾都能愉快地相处。但是，在埃尔祖鲁姆和其它地方，妇女需佩戴头巾，行为举止要严格遵循传统规范，这种社会压力在当地占有绝对的优势。
当追随“葛兰”思想的夫妇互相探望时，“男人坐在一间房里，而我们在另外一间，这样让我们觉得更自在，”一位裹着头巾的“葛兰”姐妹会成员解释说，她的工作就是挨家挨户上门讲道。她还强调：“丈夫们并不介意我们白天不呆在家里。。。。。。因为他们知道，我们正在做的都是为了传播‘葛兰’思想这项事业。”
埃尔祖鲁姆东部的一个小村庄--科鲁卡克，是葛兰的故乡，这里的民众的虔诚还没有得到犒赏。除了一座新建的清真寺，这里的房子都是由泥坯和石块建成，房顶则覆盖着茅草。但是，这一切并不妨碍600个虔敬的灵魂为著名的葛兰--这个小村庄的儿子--感到骄傲和自豪。法士拉的表兄Necdet Gulen说：“被赞美的主啊，我们的村民都是穆斯林，而且我们没有邪恶的互联网。”
虽然现在葛兰获得了大家一致赞誉，但这位传教士生命中其实还有许多不为人知的事情。10年前，他还没有移居到美国，不得不和政府玩起了猫捉老鼠的游戏。移民后不久，法庭以“破坏世俗主义”的罪名对他进行了缺席审判。此后，他的声音出现在了一盘泄漏出去的录音带里，要求追随者们秘密占领国家。（他说那盘录音带是伪造的。）这个审判拖延了很多年；2006年,他终于被证明是清白的，但是没过多久，一个上诉法庭又重开了此案。
“葛兰组织”在土耳其最主要的资产，包括一所大学，一份报纸和许多大大小小的商行，它们为葛兰的学生们提供了宿舍。一般最常见的模式是：年轻人为了找到棲身之所而投靠葛兰运动组织，接着便同意遵守禁食和祈祷的生活制度。
土耳其的一位内政部长曾经提供了一个数据，70%的土耳其警察都对葛兰持赞同态度，但是军队本身对这个数字表示高度怀疑。葛兰派是一个“非政治”运动组织，却与除了主要的世俗派反对党外，几乎所有的土耳其政党都建立了丝丝缕缕的联系。“葛兰派”与执政的“正义发展党”间有许多相似之处，他们相互合作，但是两派追求的利益却不径相同。有谣言说，属于温和伊斯兰主义派的总理Recep Tayyip Erdogan，撤消更换伊斯坦布尔警察总长决定的原因很简单--葛兰运动组织主张更换—而总理本人不希望被误解为受惠于葛兰组织。
